COLOSTRUM 101
Colostrum isn’t just for beauty and babies—it's a powerful, nutrient dense superfood for strengthening your immune system, gut health, athletic performance and overall wellness. It’s derived from the first milk cows produce 24-48 hours after giving birth to nourish and build their offspring's immune system and gut. For humans, it's a powerful supplement to kickstart and strengthen your body’s defenses to optimize your overall wellbeing.
It's commonly called "liquid gold" due its rare combination of antibodies, peptides, prebiotics, growth factors and antioxidants - many of these nutrients can not be found in any other natural source.
Colostrum dates back thousands of years when it was used by Ayurvedic physicians for medicinal purposes. Today, there is over 5,000 scientific publications showing the effectiveness of supplementing with colostrum for whole body health.
THE MAGIC INSIDE NEKTR COLOSTRUM
THE ESSENTIAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS
- Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA):
○ Function: Antibodies that play a crucial role in the immune system.
○ Specific Roles: IgG provides systemic immunity while IgA supports mucosal immunity. Together they play an integral role in your body’s first-line immune response by interfering with inflammatory pathways and acting as a prebiotic to nourish and promote the repopulation of the good bacteria in the gut and regulate the bad ones. - Lactoferrin:
○ Function: An iron-binding protein with antimicrobial properties.
○ Specific Roles: Regulates iron absorption, inhibits bacterial and fungal growth, supports immune defense and stimulates the production of collagen, a protein essential for skin and hair elasticity and firmness. - Cytokines:
○ Function: Signaling proteins that regulate immune responses and inflammation.
○ Specific Roles: Contributes to immune modulation and coordinates responses to infections and injuries. - Growth Factors (IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β, EGF):
○ Function: Proteins that regulate cell growth, development and repair.
○ Specific Roles: Enhances your ability to build lean muscle mass, reduce fat, increase endurance and recover faster. The importance of IGF-1 in muscle growth cannot be understated because it shifts fuel utilization from carbohydrate to fat, therefore, preventing the body from burning glucose for energy. - Sialic Acid-Containing Proteins:
○ Function: A crucial component of glycoproteins and glycolipids which are important for immune defense and gut health.
○ Specific Roles: Act as receptor mimics, preventing pathogen attachment, and contribute to mucosal protection. Also, important for brain development and is found in high concentrations in neural tissues. - Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides:
○ Function: Complex carbohydrates with prebiotic properties.
○ Specific Roles: Supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and restores your body’s harmony with its gut microbiome so you can maintain higher energy levels throughout your day.
If you made it this far, here is even more detail.
- IgG (Immunogloblin b)
• IgG is the most abundant class of antibodies in the bloodstream and is distrubed throughout the body. It plays a central role in the adaptive immune response.
• IgG antibodies are highly specific and can recognize and bind to a wide variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Once bound, IgG can neutralize these pathogens by preventing them from infecting host cells.
• IgG is involved in the formation of immunological memory. Upon exposure to a pathogen, the immune system produces specific. IgG antibodies that provide long-lasting protection. In future encounters with the same pathogen, the immune response is quicker and more robust.
• IgG antibodies facilitate the process of opsonization, where they coat pathogens, making them more recognizable to phagocytes (immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens).
• IgG provides long-lasting immunity against specific pathogens, and its presence indicates a previous exposure to the antigen. - IgA (secretory immunoglubin A)
• Secetory IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin class found in mucosal secretions such as linings of the respiratory tract and digestive system and also in saliva, tears, nasal secretions.
• It acts as the first line of defense against pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms) at mucosal surfaces.
• It helps prevent the attachment and entry of pathogens into the body by binding to them which prevents pathogens from attaching to and infecting the mucosal epithelial cells
•IgA can physically block pathogens from attaching to host cells, preventing infection.
•IgA binding can cause pathogens to clump together (agglutination), making it easier for other immune components to remove them.
• IgA can neutralize bacterial toxins, rendering them harmless.
• IgA contributes to the exclusion of pathogens from the mucosal tissues, preventing them from establishing infections. This is essential in protecting the body from invasion at points of entry.
• IgA also plays a role in maintaining the balance of the microbiome in the gut by preventing harmful bacteria from overgrowing and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.
--------While both IgA and IgG are crucial components of the immune system, they have specialized roles. IgA is focused on mucosal defense and the balance of the microbiome, while IgG is involved in systemic immunity, long-term protection, and various immune responses throughout the body.-------- - Lactoferrin
• Lactoferrin has potent antimicrobial properties. It can bind to iron, an essential nutrient for the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby limiting their ability to proliferate. By depriving pathogens of iron, lactoferrin helps inhibit their growth and replication.
• Lactoferrin has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity against a variety of viruses, including those that cause respiratory infections and gastrointestinal illnesses. It can inhibit viral entry into host cells and interfere with viral replication.
• Lactoferrin has anti-inflammatory effects, helping to control excessive inflammation in the body. This property is particularly important for maintaining a balanced immune response and preventing chronic inflammatory conditions. - Cytokines
• These small proteins act as signaling molecules that regulate various aspects of the immune response and other physiological processes.
• They are produced by various cells, including immune cells, and they function to communicate between cells to orchestrate and modulate immune responses, inflammation, and other biological activities.
• Some cytokines play a role in stimulating tissue repair and remodeling after injury. They contribute to the healing process by promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues. - Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
• IGFs, particularly IGF-1, promote the division and multiplication of cells, contributing to overall tissue growth and development.
• IGFs play a key role in muscle growth (hypertrophy) by stimulating protein synthesis and promoting the growth of muscle cells.
• IGFs are crucial for bone development and growth. They stimulate the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation.
• IGFs contribute to the growth and maintenance of cartilage in joints, playing a role in skeletal development and joint health.
• IGF-1 has insulin-like effects on glucose metabolism. It helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells.
• IGFs have anti-apoptotic properties, helping to prevent programmed cell death and supporting cell survival. - Transforming growth factors (TGFs)
• TGFs play a crucial role in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in humans. The ECM is a complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to cells within tissues.
• TGF-β is a key player in wound healing, stimulating the migration and proliferation of cells involved in tissue repair.
• TGF-β stimulates the synthesis of collagen, a major component of the ECM. Collagen provides tensile strength and structural integrity to tissues such as skin, tendons, and bones
• TGF-β also promotes angiogenesis, supporting the formation of new blood vessels. This is important for supplying nutrients and oxygen to growing tissues. - Sialic acid
• Sialic acids are important sugar molecules found throughout cells in the body.
• Sialic acid serves as a recognition marker on cell surfaces, allowing cells to distinguish between self and non-self. This is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and the prevention of autoimmune responses.
• Sialic acid can participate in cell signaling by influencing the interactions between cells. It plays a role in cell adhesion and communication, contributing to processes such as tissue development and immune response regulation.
• Sialic acid is abundant in the nervous system It is essential for proper brain development, neural cell migration, and synapse formation.
• Sialic acid deficiency has been linked to several brain diseases and aging. - Bovine milk oligosaccharides
• Oligosaccharides are short chains of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked together.
• Oligosaccharides serve as prebiotics, promoting the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) in the gut. They act as a food source for these bacteria, supporting a healthy and balanced gut microbiota.
Benefits of Daily Use:
REINFORCE YOUR GUT BARRIER
An estimated 70 million Americans suffer from digestive issues and diseases. Modern day lifestyles have taken a toll on our gut health. Many are suffering from leaky gut which causes small punctures between the tight junctions of the gut lining. This allows undigested food proteins, toxins and gut bacteria to slip into the bloodstream causing inflammation. The abundance of immunoglobulins, peptides and other antimicrobial properties in NEKTR Colostrum interferes with these inflammatory pathways and acts as a prebiotic to nourish and promote the repopulation of the good bacteria in the gut and regulate the bad ones. It tackles gut issues head on rather than putting a band aid on them.
BOLSTER YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM
One specialized antibody in NEKTR colostrum is secretory immunoglobulin A, also called IgA. This antibody specifically protects the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory system, throat, lungs, and intestines – all of our primary, first-line defenses for our bodies to survive and thrive. It creates a barrier of defense against toxins, pathogens, molds, parasites, viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Recent studies are showing colostrum as a natural alternative to the flu vaccine for those who are immune-compromised and cannot be vaccinated or receive antiviral drugs.
HEAL SKIN FROM WITHIN
The growth factors, antioxidants like lactoferrin, prebiotics, vitamins, and regenerative peptides in NEKTR Colostrum stimulates the production of collagen, a protein essential for skin elasticity and firmness. By increasing the production of collagen in our body, we are better able to neutralize free radicals that can contribute to skin aging. NEKTR Colostrum works from within your body to improve your skin barrier and protect you from the harmful pollutants, toxins and UV light in our daily environments.
STRENGTHEN HAIR HEALTH
Maintaining the proper balance of hormones is essential for healthy hair growth. When you suffer from hormonal imbalances or severe fluctuations, it manifests as a variety of hair issues such as thinning, brittleness, or shedding throughout the day. NEKTR colostrum with its concentrated dose of growth factors, immunoglobulins, powerful nutrients and vitamins increases the amount of collagen produced by the scalp, which helps strengthen hair follicle stem cells, reduces shedding, improves the health of existing hair and promotes new hair growth.
iNCREASE MUSCLE RECOVERY + ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
For years, athletes have been supplementing with colostrum due to its high IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) content. The importance of IGF-1 in muscle growth can't be understated because it shifts fuel utilization from carbohydrate to fat, actually preventing the body from burning glucose for energy. NEKTR Colostrum enhances your ability to build lean muscle mass, reduce fat, increase endurance and recover faster. Current studies have shown colostrum to improve stamina, strength and endurance by 20% while also cutting recovery time by 50% following intense training workouts.
REVAMP ENERGY LEVELS
If your gut health is compromised, this means you won't be able to break down food and absorb nutrients for cellular energy production - leaving you feeling tired and lacking in energy. When the "bad" gut bacteria start to overtake the good bacteria, the balance in the gut microbiome is disrupted and could alter the amount of serotonin produced, affecting mood and sleep in a negative way. Stress and depression release stress hormones that lead to inflammation and can reshape the gut microbiome, further lowering mood and energy. The power of the essential bioactive nutrients in NEKTR Colostrum restores your body’s harmony with its gut microbiome so you can maintain higher energy levels throughout your day.
THE MORE YOU KNOW - Research Article
Exploring Gut Health and the Microbiome with Bovine Colostrum: Selected studies (1-4)
1. Bagwe-Parab S, Yadav P, Kaur G, Tuli HS, Buttar HS. Therapeutic Applications of Human and Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Distinctive Cancer Types: The Current Evidence. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 11;11:01100. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01100. PMID: 33071773; PMCID: PMC7533576.2. Koohi O, Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Nekouei F, Seifbehzad S, Ebrahimi A, Tanideh N, Hosseinzadeh M, Nadimi E, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Evaluation of oral and topical bovine colostrum compared to mesalamine in the treatment of animal model of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Ann Gastroenterol. 2023 May-Jun;36(3):300-306. doi: 10.20524/aog.2023.0796. Epub 2023 Apr 8. PMID: 37144020; PMCID: PMC10152808.3. Elsasser TH, Ma B, Ravel J, Kahl S, Gajer P, Cross A. Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model. Anim Microbiome. 2023 Jan 26;5(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s42523-023-00225-z. PMID: 36703224; PMCID: PMC9878500.4. Zivkovic AM, Barile D. Bovine milk as a source of functional oligosaccharides for improving human health. Adv Nutr. 2011 May;2(3):284-9. doi: 10.3945/an.111.000455. Epub 2011 Apr 30. PMID: 22332060; PMCID: PMC3090169.
Understanding the Impact of Immune Barrier Disruptions (1-10)
1. Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Mar 7;11(4):1671-1704. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3229. PMID: 37051344; PMCID: PMC10084985.2. Bischoff, Stephan C et al. “Intestinal permeability--a new target for disease prevention and therapy.” BMC gastroenterology vol. 14 189. 18 Nov. 2014.3. Chelakkot et al, “Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications.” Experimental & Molecular Medicine 50, Article number: 103 (2018).4. Paray BA, Albeshr MF, Jan AT, Rather IA. Leaky Gut and Autoimmunity: An Intricate Balance in Individuals Health and the Diseased State. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 21;21(24):9770. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249770. PMID: 33371435; PMCID: PMC7767453.5. Graziani C, Laterza L, et al. Intestinal Permeability and Dysbiosis in Female Patients with Recurrent Cystitis: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med. 2022 Jun 20;12(6):1005. doi: 10.3390/jpm12061005. PMID: 35743789; PMCID: PMC9225239.6. Niewiem M, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U. Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Allergic Diseases. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 30;14(9):1893. doi: 10.3390/nu14091893. PMID: 35565858; PMCID: PMC9101724.7. Puricelli C, Rolla R, Gigliotti L, Boggio E, Beltrami E, Dianzani U, Keller R. The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A State-of-Art Report. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 3;12:755171. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.755171. PMID: 35185631; PMCID: PMC8850385.8. Wang LJ, Li SC, Yeh YM, Lee SY, Kuo HC, Yang CY. Gut mycobiome dysbiosis and its impact on intestinal permeability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023 Sep;64(9):1280-1291. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13779. Epub 2023 Apr 5. PMID: 37016804.9. Hansson E, Skiöldebrand E. Low-grade inflammation causes gap junction-coupled cell dysfunction throughout the body, which can lead to the spread of systemic inflammation. Scand J Pain. 2019 Jun 28;19(4):639-649. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0061. PMID: 31251727.10. Yazici D, Cagan E, Tan G, Li M, Do E, Kucukkase OC, Simsek A, Kizmaz MA, Bozkurt T, Aydin T, Heider A, Rückert B, Brüggen MC, Dhir R, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Nadeau KC, Budak F, Akdis CA, Ogulur I. Disrupted epithelial permeability as a predictor of severe COVID-19 development. Allergy. 2023 Oct;78(10):2644-2658. doi: 10.1111/all.15800. Epub 2023 Jul 8. PMID: 37422701.
Skin and Hair Benefits from Bovine Colostrum: A Collection of Studies on Enhanced Skin Health and Hair Growth (1-8)
1. Kazimierska K, Kalinowska-Lis U. Milk Proteins-Their Biological Activities and Use in Cosmetics and Dermatology. Molecules. 2021 May 28;26(11):3253. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113253. PMID: 34071375; PMCID: PMC8197926.2. Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing Skin Health: By Oral Administration of Natural Compounds and Minerals with Implications to the Dermal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 7;19(10):3059. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103059. PMID: 30301271; PMCID: PMC6213755.3. Han G, Kim H, Kim DE, Ahn Y, Kim J, Jang YJ, Kim K, Yang Y, Kim SH. The Potential of Bovine Colostrum-Derived Exosomes to Repair Aged and Damaged Skin Cells. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jan 27;14(2):307. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020307. PMID: 35214040; PMCID: PMC8877896.4. Murata M, Satoh T, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomura Y. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin attenuates ultraviolet B-induced skin photodamage in hairless mice. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Feb;97(2):651-8. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7153. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PMID: 24359814.5. Lolou V, Panayiotidis MI. Functional Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Skin Health and Disease. Fermentation. 2019; 5(2):41.https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation50200417. Kim H, Jang Y, Kim EH, Jang H, Cho H, Han G, Song HK, Kim SH, Yang Y. Potential of Colostrum-Derived Exosomes for Promoting Hair Regeneration Through the Transition From Telogen to Anagen Phase. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Mar 10;10:81520.8. Trüeb RM. Further Clinical Evidence for the Effect of IGF-1 on Hair Growth and Alopecia. Skin Appendage Disord. 2018 Apr;4(2):90-95. doi: 10.1159/000479333.
Bovine Colostrum in Sports: Studies on Performance, Recovery, and Physical Composition (1-11)
1. Antonio, J et al. “The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women.” Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) vol. 17,3 (2001): 243-7. doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00552-9.2. Davison, Glen. “Bovine colostrum and immune function after exercise.” Medicine and sport science vol. 59 (2012): 62-69. doi:10.1159/0003419663. Główka, Natalia, and Małgorzata Woźniewicz. “Potential use of Colostrum Bovinum supplementation in athletes - A review.” Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria vol. 18,2 (2019): 115-123. doi:10.17306/J.AFS.0654.4. Shing, C.M., Hunter, D.C. & Stevenson, L.M. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation and Exercise Performance. Sports Med 39, 1033–1054 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2165/11317860-000000000-000005. Shing CM, Peake JM, Suzuki K, Jenkins DG, Coombes JS. A pilot study: bovine colostrum supplementation and hormonal and autonomic responses to competitive cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013 Oct;53(5):490-501.https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(12)00343-8/fulltext.6. Kotsis Y, Mikellidi A, Aresti C, Persia E, Sotiropoulos A, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T. A low-dose, 6-week bovine colostrum supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in soccer players. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Apr;57(3):1181-1195. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1401-7. Epub 2017 Mar 11. PMID: 28285432; PMCID: PMC5861165.7. Crooks, C. V., Wall, C. R., Cross, M. L., & Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J. (2006). The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Salivary IgA in Distance Runners, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(1), 47-64.8. Dziewiecka H, Buttar HS, Kasperska A, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Domagalska M, Cichoń J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. A Systematic Review of the Influence of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Leaky Gut Syndrome in Athletes: Diagnostic Biomarkers and Future Directions. Nutrients. 2022 Jun 17;14(12):2512. doi: 10.3390/nu14122512. PMID: 35745242; PMCID: PMC9227274.9. Antonio J, Sanders MS, Van Gammeren D. The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women. Nutrition. 2001 Mar;17(3):243-7. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00552-9. PMID: 11312068.10. Davison G. The Use of Bovine Colostrum in Sport and Exercise. Nutrients. 2021 May 24;13(6):1789. doi: 10.3390/nu13061789. PMID: 34073917; PMCID: PMC8225123.11. Shing CM, Peake JM, Suzuki K, Jenkins DG, Coombes JS. A pilot study: bovine colostrum supplementation and hormonal and autonomic responses to competitive cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013 Oct;53(5):490-501. PMID: 23903529.
Bovine Colostrum's Effectiveness Against Influenza: Studies Comparing Colostrum to Flu Vaccines and its Potential in Upper Respiratory Infection Support and Recovery (1-9)
1. Cesarone, Maria Rosaria, et al. “Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino.” Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Apr. 2007, pp. 130–136. PMID: 17456621.2. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Cornelli U, Pellegini L, Ledda A, Grossi MG, Dugall M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Ricci A, Stuard S, Luzzi R, Grossi MG, Hosoi M. Prevention of flu episodes with colostrum and Bifivir compared with vaccination: an epidemiological, registry study. Panminerva Med. 2010 Dec;52(4):269-75.3. Alyne Batista da Silva Galdino, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento Rangel, Harpal Singh Buttar, Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento, Elaine Cristina Gavioli, Riva de Paula Oliveira, Danielle Cavalcanti Sales, Stela Antas Urbano & Katya Anaya (2021) Bovine colostrum: benefits for the human respiratory system and potential contributions for clinical management of COVID-19, Food and Agricultural Immunology, 32:1, 143-162, DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1892594.4. Swati Khartode S, Early Recovery of COVID-19 Patients by Using Immunoglobulins Present in Cow Colostrum Food Supplement - A Clinical Study, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2021, 9 (3):186-198.5. Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Stachowska E, Grochans E, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Bühner L, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Hałasa M. Moderate Dose Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Medical University Students: A Randomized, Triple Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu150819256. Hałasa M., Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M., Jamioł-Milc D., Maciejewska-Markiewicz D., Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections—Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J. Funct. Foods. 2022;99:105316. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316.7. Hałasa M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Machaliński B, Bühner L, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M. Six Weeks of Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Effectively Reduces URTIs Symptoms Frequency and Gravity for Up to 20 Weeks in Pre-School Children. Nutrients. 2023 Aug 18;15(16):3626. doi: 10.3390/nu15163626. PMID: 37630816; PMCID: PMC10459079.8. Batista da Silva Galdino A, do Nascimento Rangel AH, Buttar HS, et al. Bovine colostrum: Benefits for the human respiratory system and potential contributions for clinical management of COVID-19. Food and Agricultural Immunology. 2021;32(1):143-162. doi:10.1080/09540105.2021.18925949. Duman H, Karav S. Bovine colostrum and its potential contributions for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;14. doi:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214514
A DEEPER DIVE
INTO COLOSTRUM'S BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Research Articles Consolidated here
Thousands of Scientic Studies
Showing the Benefits of Bovine Colostrum
Here's a few: